Author Archives: Dr. Mazen Dayeh

Today, several couples wish to choose baby’s gender before birth due to various personal reasons. It’s truly remarkable that advancements in in-vitro fertilization (IVF) and preimplantation genetic diagnosis (PGD/PGT-A) have made gender selection a reality with 100% accuracy. In this blog, we will explore how IVF gender selection works, how PGD testing helps its legality across different nations, the associated costs, and how successful these methods are. Whether you are planning to start a family or exploring fertility treatments, we’ll break down your options to help you make an informed choice. 

What is Gender Selection in IVF?

Gender selection using In Vitro Fertilization (IVF) combined with Preimplantation Genetic Testing for Aneuploidy (PGT-A) is a highly advanced and nearly 100% accurate technique. This process involves multiple carefully controlled steps to ensure the desired outcome.

First, embryos are created in a laboratory setting through IVF. After a few days of development, a small number of cells are gently extracted from each embryo in a procedure known as a biopsy. These cells are then analyzed in a specialized genetic laboratory to examine the chromosomal makeup (XX means female, and XY means male) of each embryo, which includes determining its gender.

Following the biopsy, the embryos are cryopreserved (frozen) to preserve their viability while awaiting test results. Once the genetic analysis is complete, the intended parents are provided with detailed information and can choose which embryo to use based on the desired gender.

The selected embryo is then thawed and transferred into the mother’s uterus through a frozen embryo transfer procedure.

This approach offers an exceptionally reliable way to select the gender of a baby, with an accuracy rate exceeding 99.9%. It is one of the most trusted methods available for gender selection in assisted reproductive technologies (ART).

This kind of gender selection is only possible through IVF, not naturally. During a regular pregnancy, there’s no way to control or pick the baby’s sex.

Why Do People Choose Gender Selection?

People choose gender selection IVF for various reasons, including- 

• Family balancing: One of the most common reasons people choose gender selection is family balancing. For example- a couple may already have children of one gender and wish to have a child of the opposite sex to achieve a desired family composition.
• Avoiding gender-linked genetic disorders: Some genetic disorders, like Hemophilia or Duchenne muscular dystrophy, mostly affect male children. If a couple knows their genes carry one of such conditions, they might choose to have a child of another sex for gender disorder prevention. 
• Personal, cultural, or emotional reasons: Sometimes, people choose gender selection for emotional or cultural reasons. For example, a parent may feel a connection with one gender, or their culture prefers having both sons and daughters. 
• Replacing a lost child or psychological comfort: For some couples who’ve lost a son or daughter, choosing a baby of the opposite gender or the same gender can help ease the emotional pain. These deeply personal feelings often influence the decision to select a specific gender.

IVF Gender Selection: Step-by-Step Process

If you are considering choosing your baby’s gender through IVF, here is in detail how this process works. 

• Initial Consultation: The process of gender selection IVF begins with an initial consultation with a fertility specialist like Dr. Mazen. During the consultation, the IVF expert will examine your medical history and discuss your personal preferences and goals regarding gender selection.  
• Ovarian Simulation: The female partner undergoing IVF treatment will receive some hormonal medications. This will stimulate her ovaries to produce multiple mature eggs. This step involves daily injections and regular monitoring through ultrasounds and blood tests to check follicle growth.
• Egg Retrieval: An egg retrieval process is performed under sedation once the follicle reaches the appropriate size. Using ultrasound for guidance, a thin needle is gently inserted into the ovaries to collect the eggs from the fluid-filled sacs (follicles).
• Fertilization in Lab: On the day of egg retrieval, the male partner provides a semen sample. The collected eggs and sperm are then fertilized in a laboratory. This is done in two ways- either naturally or through ICSI (injecting sperm directly into the egg) method. 
• Embryo Development: Over the next few days, embryos are cultured in the laboratory. During this time, they begin to develop and grow. 
• Embryo Biopsy: On day 5 or 6, when the embryo reaches the blastocyst stage, a few cells are carefully removed from the embryo for genetic analysis. The embryos are then frozen while the removed cells are tested.
• PGD/PGT-A Testing for Gender & Chromosomes: The removed cells undergo PGD (Preimplantation Genetic Diagnosis) or PGT-A (Preimplantation Genetic Testing for Aneuploidy) testing. These tests check embryos for chromosomal health and to determine the sex ((XX = girl, XY = boy). Then, embryos with healthy chromosomes and the desired gender are chosen for transfer.
• Frozen Embryos Transfer: The selected embryo of the desired gender is then cryopreserved or frozen while waiting for the right time for its transfer. During this time, the uterine lining of the to-be mother is prepared for implantation through hormonal medications. Then, the frozen embryo is transferred into the uterus during a non-invasive surgical procedure. Then, after a few days, a pregnancy test is done to determine if pregnancy has been achieved. 

Accuracy and Success Rate of Gender Selection

If you are considering gender selection IVF, then it’s absolutely necessary to understand how accurate each method is and what affects the outcome.

PGD/PGT-A is the most accurate gender selection method used during IVF. It checks the chromosomal health and gender of the baby with 99.9% accuracy. This method is trusted by leading fertility clinics across the world. 

Sperm sorting is another method used for gender selection. In this method, sperm carrying X (girl) or Y (boy) chromosomes are separated. This method is less accurate, usually between 75% to 85%. 

Another method for gender selection is natural timing, also known as gender swaying. It is less than 10% accurate, and science doesn’t support it.

Comparison of Gender Selection Methods

Method	Accuracy	Invasiveness	Used With IVF
PGD/PGT-A	99.9%	Moderate	Yes
Sperm Sorting	75–85%	Low	Rare
Natural Timing	<10%	None	No

The success of gender selection IVF depends on different factors like the quality of the embryos, the age of the woman, and sperm health. 

Country-Wise Legal Status of Gender Selection

Country	Legal Status	Notes
USA	Legal	Allowed for family balancing and personal choice
UAE / Dubai	Legal (with rules)	Permitted under government regulations
UK	Restricted (Medical Only)	Only for preventing genetic disorders
India	Prohibited	Illegal under all circumstances
Australia	Restricted	Mostly banned, with some exceptions for health
Canada	Restricted	Permitted only in rare medical cases

Cost of IVF with Gender Selection

The cost of IVF with gender selection depends on varies from clinic to clinic and country to country. Further, several factors, like age, the complexity of the procedure, etc., affect the cost. Below is a rough estimate of the cost. 

Service	Estimated Cost (USD)
IVF Cycle (Base)	$10,000 – $15,000
PGD/PGT-A Testing	$4,000 – $7,000
Embryo Freezing/Storage	$500 – $1,000
Fertility Medications	$2,000 – $5,000
Total Estimated Cost	$15,000 – $25,000

 

Note- Several reputable fertility clinics offer flexible payment plans and accept insurance coverage to make the procedure more affordable. 

What Happens to Embryos of the Non-Preferred Gender?

If embryos of the non-preferred gender are found during the IVF and PGT-A process, several choices are open to the intended parents. Each option has its own emotional, practical, and ethical implications.

• Freezing for Future Use: Couples may opt to freeze such embryos for future use in IVF cycles.
• Donate to Another Couple: There are some couples who donate the embryos to other people or couples who are facing infertility.
• Donation for Scientific Research: Embryos are also donated for scientific or medical research. Such donations can be used for improvements in reproductive medicine, genetics, and the prevention of disease.
• Ethical Factors: The choice regarding the use or disposal of embryos that were not selected for transfer is highly personal and can be ethical in nature. Cultural, religious, and moral beliefs might direct the way people feel about embryo selection and control.

Emotional & Ethical Considerations

Although gender selection through IVF and PGT-A is medically sophisticated and very precise, it also raises significant emotional and ethical considerations that future parents need to think about.

• Psychological Influence of Gender Selection: Being able to select the gender of a child can lead to internal conflict for some people or couples.
• Regret or Future Emotional Complexity: There is some potential for regret or future emotional complexity on the part of the parents, particularly if social attitudes or personal circumstances shift.
• Counseling Support During the Process: Emotional support by trained professionals throughout the process can guide people through tough choices, establish realistic expectations, and help them ensure that their decisions are compatible with their long-term values.
• Ethical Issues Involved in Non-Medical Gender Selection: Although gender selection is applied medically at times (e.g., prevention of sex-linked hereditary diseases), non-medical use is ethically debatable. It is argued by its critics to perpetuate gender stereotypes or societal imbalances if applied on a wide scale. Its defenders perceive it as a matter of individual reproductive choice.

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

1. Is gender selection legal in Dubai/UAE?

Under certain medical conditions and for family balancing purposes, gender selection is legal in Dubai/UAE for married couples. The procedure must be performed by licensed fertility clinics following ethical medical guidelines. 

2. What is the success rate of gender selection?

The success rate of gender selection depends on the chosen method. Preimplantation Genetic Testing (PGT-A) has a 99.9% accuracy rate, while sperm sorting has only a 75% to 85% accuracy rate. 

3. Can I choose the gender of my baby with IVF?

Yes, you can choose your baby’s gender by going for IVF with PGT-A or PGD (Preimplantation Genetic Diagnosis). 

4. How accurate is PGD/PGT-A testing?

PGD and PGT-A are extremely accurate methods. They have an accuracy rate of 99.9% in identifying the gender of embryos. 

5. Is gender selection allowed for family balancing?

Yes, gender selection for family balancing purposes is allowed in many countries like the UAE. 

6. Can I use IVF just for gender selection?

Yes, you can use IVF for gender selection. Many countries like the UAE allow gender selection IVF for family balancing and medical purposes. 

7. What are the risks involved in gender selection?

IVF-related risks such as ovarian hyperstimulation, multiple pregnancies, or failed implantation are involved. However, they are rare. 

Conclusion & Next Steps:

Gender selection through IVF and Preimplantation Genetic Testing (PGT-A) is an innovative procedure that allows couples to choose their baby’s gender with over 99.9% accuracy. From embryo development and biopsy to chromosomal examination and embryo transfer, every step is taken under complete control to result in a successful and safe outcome.

At Dr. Mazen IVF Clinic, we provide specialized care, the latest technology, and individualized counseling to guide you throughout the journey. Whether you are just thinking about your options or ready to start your IVF process, our professionals are there to assist you.

Ready to take the next step?

Reach out to Dr. Mazen IVF Clinic today to arrange a private consultation with our team of fertility experts. We’re committed to assisting you in making informed, empowered choices for your expanding family.

ALSO Read:

• Gender Selection in UAE: Process, Costs, and Success Rates
• Dubai IVF Cost: A Complete Pricing Guide
• What is IVF and the success rate of IVF in Dubai?

For couples facing challenges with natural conception, IVF in Dubai offers hope through world-class fertility care, innovative technology, and experienced medical professionals. Dubai has rapidly become a preferred destination for fertility treatment—not only for UAE residents but also for international patients seeking discretion, efficiency, and results.

Why Dubai is Emerging as a Fertility Hub

Dubai’s healthcare infrastructure supports some of the most advanced fertility services in the Middle East. A combination of progressive healthcare policy, global medical talent, and investment in technology has made the city a beacon for couples exploring assisted reproduction.

Advantages of IVF in Dubai:

• State-of-the-art laboratories and equipment
• Internationally trained fertility specialists
• Multilingual support staff
• Shorter waiting periods for appointments
• Availability of the latest techniques, such as ICSI, PGT-A, and vitrification
• Privacy and personalized care for medical tourists

Recent studies estimate that 1 in 6 couples in the UAE experience infertility. Rising maternal age, lifestyle stress, and environmental factors are significant contributors.

Understanding the IVF Process

The IVF journey is complicated, involving several phases that require medical, emotional, and logistical readiness. At the Dr. Mazen IVF Clinic, patients are guided through each stage with tailored care protocols to improve success rates.

Here’s an overview of what to expect:

1. Initial Consultation
   • Comprehensive fertility evaluation
   • Hormonal testing, ultrasound scans, and semen analysis
   • Personalized treatment plan based on diagnosis
2. Ovarian Stimulation
   • Daily hormone injections stimulate the ovaries to produce multiple eggs
   • Frequent monitoring via ultrasound and blood tests
3. Egg Retrieval and Fertilization
   • Eggs are collected under mild sedation
   • Sperm is collected and either used directly or via ICSI
   • Fertilization occurs in a lab under carefully controlled conditions
4. Embryo Development
   • Embryos are cultured for 3–5 days
   • Advanced technologies like time-lapse incubation and genetic screening may be used
5. Embryo Transfer
   • Healthy embryos are transferred to the uterus using a minimally invasive procedure
   • Remaining embryos may be frozen for future use
6. Pregnancy Test
   • Blood test conducted 10–14 days after transfer to confirm implantation

Patients at Dr. Mazen’s clinic often describe the journey as structured, transparent, and well-supported, with emotional counseling and nutritional advice integrated into the process.

Dubai IVF Cost – An Overview

While the Dubai IVF cost varies depending on individual circumstances and clinic inclusions, prospective patients should prepare for a significant financial commitment.

Factors Influencing IVF Costs:

• Complexity of fertility issues (e.g., need for ICSI or surgical sperm retrieval)
• Required number of cycles
• Use of advanced diagnostics (e.g., genetic testing)
• Medication dosage based on age and ovarian reserve
• Add-on services like embryo freezing, assisted hatching, or donor programs

Rather than quoting precise figures, consider the total cost as moderate to high by regional standards, but competitive compared to Western nations. Many clinics—including Dr. Mazen IVF Clinic—offer consultations to discuss personalized cost plans and financing options.

Success Rates and Innovations at Dubai Fertility Centers

Success in IVF depends on multiple variables including the patient’s age, health condition, embryo quality, and the clinic’s technological edge. Dr. Mazen IVF Clinic, like several top Dubai fertility centers, uses advanced tools to maximize positive outcomes.

Technologies That Boost IVF Success:

• ICSI: Enhances fertilization, especially in cases of male infertility
• PGT-A: Screens embryos for genetic abnormalities
• Time-Lapse Imaging: Tracks embryo development without disruption
• Laser-Assisted Hatching: Aids implantation in older patients
• Embryo Vitrification: Advanced freezing method preserving embryo quality

IVF success rates in Dubai are generally comparable to global averages, with some clinics reporting positive pregnancy outcomes in over half of their patients, particularly among women under age 35.

Choosing an IVF Doctor in Dubai: What Matters Most

Finding the right IVF doctor in Dubai can greatly influence your fertility journey. Dr. Muhammad Mazen Dayeh is one of the city’s most recognized reproductive specialists, known for his technical expertise and compassionate patient care.

Qualities to Look For:

• Board certification and reproductive endocrinology training
• High IVF cycle volume (Dr. Mazen handles hundreds annually)
• Transparent communication style
• Empathetic bedside manner
• Access to a multidisciplinary team (nutritionists, counselors, embryologists)

Many of Dr. Mazen’s patients praise his ability to explain complex concepts clearly and make them feel heard—a quality not always found in large clinics.

Legal and Ethical Framework for IVF in Dubai

The UAE maintains strict regulations to ensure ethical fertility care. It’s essential to understand what is and isn’t permitted before beginning treatment:

• Surrogacy is prohibited under UAE law
• Egg and sperm donation are not allowed 
• Embryo and egg freezing is permitted for married couples
• Cryopreservation timelines are limited but can be extended with approval
• Consent forms and medical documentation are closely regulated

Dr. Mazen’s clinic ensures full compliance with these regulations and provides thorough legal guidance to patients unfamiliar with UAE healthcare laws.

Additional Tips for Starting IVF in Dubai

Before committing to treatment, it’s wise to take proactive steps:

• Start early if possible: Female fertility declines significantly after age 35.
• Manage stress: Mental health impacts hormonal balance and treatment success.
• Adopt a healthy lifestyle: Diet, exercise, and quitting smoking/alcohol can improve outcomes.
• Ask about package plans: Many clinics provide cost-effective bundles for multiple cycles.
• Prepare for emotional ups and downs: IVF is physically and emotionally demanding; consider support groups or therapy.

Final Thoughts:

For anyone considering assisted reproduction, IVF in Dubai represents a powerful combination of medical excellence and compassionate care. The journey may be challenging, but clinics like Dr. Mazen IVF Clinic make it a little easier by offering customized treatment plans, cutting-edge labs, and an experienced support team.

Whether you are a UAE resident or planning a visit from abroad, taking the next step toward parenthood in Dubai may be your most informed and hopeful choice yet.

In recent years, gender selection has gained increasing attention among couples seeking to balance their families or avoid gender-linked genetic conditions. The United Arab Emirates (UAE), especially Dubai, has positioned itself as a regional hub for advanced fertility treatments. With world-class IVF clinics, modern technology, and progressive regulations, couples from across the globe are choosing the UAE for IVF and gender selection.

This blog provides an in-depth guide to the gender selection process in the UAE, detailing the procedures involved, costs, success rates, and legal considerations. Whether you’re exploring fertility options or planning for family balancing, understanding your choices is crucial for a well-informed journey.

Understanding Gender Selection

Gender selection, also known as sex selection, is a scientific process that allows parents to choose the biological sex of their baby before pregnancy. While traditional conception gives a 50/50 chance of having a boy or a girl, gender selection methods offer accuracy rates close to 100%.

There are two primary reasons why couples opt for gender selection:

1. Medical Reasons: To prevent transmission of sex-linked genetic disorders such as Duchenne muscular dystrophy, hemophilia, and Fragile X syndrome.
2. Family Balancing: For couples who already have children of one gender and wish to have a child of the opposite gender for emotional or social reasons.

Is Gender Selection Legal in UAE?

Yes, gender selection is legal in the UAE, but it is regulated under strict ethical and medical guidelines.

As per Federal Law No. 7 of 2019 on Assisted Reproductive Technology, gender selection is permitted for:

• Avoiding sex-linked genetic diseases.
• Family balancing, provided the couple has children of one gender and wishes to have the opposite gender.

This ensures that the technology is used ethically and prevents misuse for purely preferential reasons. The process can only be carried out by licensed fertility centers approved by the Ministry of Health and Prevention (MOHAP) and local health authorities like the Dubai Health Authority (DHA).

How Gender Selection Works: The IVF Process

Gender selection is performed as part of an In Vitro Fertilization (IVF) cycle. IVF is a complex assisted reproductive technology (ART) that involves fertilizing eggs with sperm outside the body and implanting selected embryos into the uterus.

Step-by-Step Breakdown:

1. Fertility Evaluation

Before starting the process, both partners undergo comprehensive fertility assessments, including:

• Blood tests (AMH, FSH, LH, TSH)
• Semen analysis
• Pelvic ultrasound
• Genetic screening (if needed)

These tests help identify the best approach and detect any underlying issues that may affect the outcome.

2. Ovarian Stimulation

The woman is prescribed hormonal medications to stimulate her ovaries to produce multiple eggs. Over 10–14 days, her progress is monitored using transvaginal ultrasounds and blood tests. Once the follicles reach maturity, a “trigger shot” is administered to induce ovulation.

3. Egg Retrieval

Egg retrieval is a minimally invasive outpatient procedure performed under light sedation. Using a thin needle guided by ultrasound, mature eggs are collected from the ovaries.

4. Sperm Collection

On the same day, a semen sample is collected from the male partner (or a donor, if needed). The healthiest sperm are isolated for fertilization.

5. Fertilization and Embryo Culture

The retrieved eggs are fertilized with selected sperm using conventional IVF or Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection (ICSI). The fertilized eggs are monitored in a lab for 3–5 days until they reach the blastocyst stage.

6. Preimplantation Genetic Testing (PGT)

At the blastocyst stage, a few cells are carefully biopsied from each embryo and sent for PGT-A (Preimplantation Genetic Testing for Aneuploidy). This screening allows doctors to:

• Detect chromosomal abnormalities.
• Identify embryos with normal genetic composition.
• Determine the gender (XX or XY) with near-perfect accuracy.

PGT not only enables gender selection but also increases the chance of a successful pregnancy by selecting genetically healthy embryos.

7. Embryo Transfer

Once healthy embryos of the desired gender are identified, one (or in some cases two) is selected for uterine transfer. The embryo is placed in the uterus using a thin catheter. The procedure is painless and does not require anesthesia.

8. Pregnancy Test and Monitoring

About 10–14 days after the embryo transfer, a blood test is done to confirm pregnancy. If positive, regular prenatal care begins.

IVF and Gender Selection: Success Rates

Thanks to technological advancements, gender selection using IVF and PGT is extremely accurate and effective. Here are some statistics:

• Accuracy of PGT for gender determination: Over 99.9%
• IVF success rates vary depending on the woman’s age:
  • Women under 35: 55–65%
  • Women aged 35–39: 40–50%
  • Women aged 40–42: 20–30%
  • Women over 42: 10–15%

Other factors that influence success include:

• Ovarian reserve and egg quality
• Sperm quality
• Uterine health
• Laboratory standards and expertise of the fertility team

Cost of Gender Selection in the UAE

Gender selection adds a significant cost to a regular IVF cycle. While prices may vary slightly between clinics and cities, below is a breakdown of typical costs:

Procedure	Average Cost (AED)	Equivalent in USD
IVF Cycle (includes ICSI)	25,000 – 35,000	$6,800 – $9,500
Preimplantation Genetic Testing (PGT-A)	10,000 – 15,000	$2,700 – $4,100
Hormonal Medication	5,000 – 10,000	$1,400 – $2,700
Embryo Freezing & Storage (Optional)	2,000 – 5,000	$550 – $1,400
Total Estimated Cost	40,000 – 65,000	$11,000 – $17,500

 

Many clinics offer IVF packages that include consultation, medications, PGT, and embryo transfer. Some offer payment plans or financing options to make the procedure more accessible.

Why Choose the UAE for IVF and Gender Selection?

The UAE is among the most progressive countries in the Middle East when it comes to reproductive health. Here’s why many international couples choose the UAE:

• Modern infrastructure and state-of-the-art fertility labs
• Highly trained fertility specialists and embryologists
• Strict regulatory oversight by MOHAP and DHA
• Multilingual staff and culturally sensitive care
• No waiting lists
• Availability of gender selection for family balancing

One renowned name in the field is Dr. Mazen IVF Clinic, known for offering advanced reproductive technologies in compliance with UAE’s ethical and legal guidelines.

Emotional and Ethical Considerations

Gender selection is a deeply personal choice. Couples often face emotional, cultural, or religious dilemmas. It’s essential to:

• Seek counseling if uncertain.
• Involve both partners in decision-making.
• Understand that medical success does not guarantee a baby of the desired gender; there may be implantation or miscarriage risks.

In Islamic contexts, scholars generally permit gender selection for medical reasons and family balancing, but not for personal preference or social bias. Couples are encouraged to consult religious leaders for guidance.

Tips for a Successful Experience

• Start early: Fertility declines with age, especially for women over 35.
• Choose a licensed and experienced fertility clinic.
• Ensure the clinic offers in-house genetic testing for faster and more accurate results.
• Ask about PGT techniques and embryo freezing.
• Prepare emotionally and financially, as the process can be physically and mentally demanding.

Final Thoughts

Gender selection through IVF in the UAE is a scientifically sound, highly regulated process offering hope to couples with specific family goals or medical needs. With high accuracy rates, transparent costs, and a legal framework supporting ethical use, the UAE stands out as a leading destination for advanced reproductive care.

Whether you’re pursuing family balancing or preventing genetic disease, gender selection may be the key to realizing your dream of a complete family. When guided by expert fertility specialists such as those at Dr. Mazen IVF Clinic and supported by state-of-the-art facilities, the journey becomes not only possible but empowering.

References:

1. UAE Federal Law No. 7 of 2019 on Assisted Reproductive Technology
2. Dubai Health Authority (DHA) – https://www.dha.gov.ae
3. Ministry of Health and Prevention (MOHAP) – https://www.mohap.gov.ae
4. American Society for Reproductive Medicine – https://www.asrm.org

Society for Assisted Reproductive Technology (SART) – https://www.sart.org

Diabetes is a chronic metabolic disease that affects millions of people across the globe. Many people are aware of the connection between blood sugar control and risks to the kidneys, the heart, and the eyes, but fewer are aware of the impact it has on male reproductive health. Men, for instance, suffer from one of the less obvious but traumatic effects of diabetes, which is long-term infertility. The main reason for this is the constantly high blood sugar levels. These cause damage to blood vessels and nerves throughout the body, including those responsible for reproduction and sexual function. It can result in Erectile Dysfunction (ED) and reduced quality and quantity of sperm. Additionally, male infertility due to diabetes can cause significant psychological stress, which can impact levels of happiness and negatively impact relationships. In this article, we will discuss how does diabetes cause infertility in men and the possible treatment options.

High Blood Sugar and Male Infertility

The persistently high levels of blood sugar, also known as hyperglycemia, can contribute to the development of advanced glycation end products (AGEs). These cause DNA damage, affect sperm motility, and raise oxidative stress in the testes.

Diabetes impacts on male fertility

• Oxidative stress: It damages sperm membranes and DNA, impacting fertility.
• Hormonal disruption lowers testosterone levels and can affect the production of sperm.
• Testicular dysfunction: Changes the environment required to promote the healthy development of sperm.
• Damage to nerves and blood vessels: This causes Erectile dysfunction and low Ejaculatory Function.

Based on a 2023 study published by Molecular Medicine, oxidative stress and hormonal imbalance are two major ways diabetes contributes to male infertility. It also impairs the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis, disrupting hormone regulation necessary for healthy sperm development.

Types of Diabetes

There are two main types, each with distinct causes and treatment approaches. Understanding these types helps clarify how the disease impacts fertility and what can be done to manage or prevent it.

• Type 1 Diabetes: It is an autoimmune condition where the immune system destroys insulin-producing beta cells in the pancreas. It usually develops in children or in young adults.
• Type 2 Diabetes: This is a more common type of diabetes, which is caused by insulin resistance or inadequate insulin production. It is often related to lifestyle and typically develops in adults.

Can Diabetes Affect Male Fertility?

Yes, diabetes can significantly impact male fertility, affecting various biological systems that are essential for healthy reproductive function. Uncontrolled high blood sugar (hyperglycemia) leads to chronic damage in the form of oxidative stress, vascular problems, nerve dysfunction, and hormonal imbalance. Over time, this can alter sperm production, morphology, and movement—making it more difficult to conceive naturally. According to a comprehensive review published in Molecular Medicine, diabetes is closely associated with increased levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which cause damage to sperm membranes and DNA, ultimately reducing their fertilizing capacity. Another study from NIH/PMC confirms that diabetic men often show reduced semen volume, motility, and testosterone levels, along with a higher proportion of sperm DNA fragmentation.

Major fertility-related complications caused by diabetes include:

Erectile Dysfunction (ED)

Erectile dysfunction is one of the most common sexual health issues in men with diabetes. It is primarily caused by neuropathy (nerve damage) and vascular damage to the blood vessels that supply the penis. This condition makes it difficult to achieve or maintain an erection, thereby impairing sexual performance and fertility.

• Studies show that up to 75% of men with diabetes experience ED to varying degrees, especially those with type 2 diabetes.
• The risk of ED is two to three times higher in diabetic men compared to non-diabetic men, and it often develops 10 to 15 years earlier in diabetic individuals.

Retrograde Ejaculation

Retrograde ejaculation is a condition where semen enters the bladder instead of being expelled out through the urethra during orgasm. Diabetes can damage the nerves that control the bladder neck muscle, which usually closes to prevent semen from flowing backward.

• It is estimated that up to 20% of diabetic men may experience retrograde ejaculation, particularly those with long-term diabetes and poorly managed blood glucose levels.
• This condition can significantly reduce fertility since little to no semen is ejaculated during intercourse.

Low Sperm Count & Quality

Diabetes affects the quantity and quality of sperm through various mechanisms. One of the main culprits is oxidative stress, which damages the sperm’s DNA and membranes. Additionally, inflammation and altered testicular function disrupt normal spermatogenesis.

• A 2023 study in Molecular Medicine noted that diabetic men had significantly lower sperm counts, reduced motility, and increased rates of sperm with DNA fragmentation.
• Sperm motility—the ability to swim toward the egg—is often reduced by 30–50% in men with diabetes compared to healthy controls.

Hormonal Changes

Hormones like testosterone, luteinizing hormone (LH), and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) are vital for sperm production and overall male fertility. Diabetes interferes with the normal regulation of these hormones through both direct and indirect mechanisms.

• Research has shown that men with type 2 diabetes frequently have hypogonadism, a condition marked by low testosterone levels.
• According to the Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism, up to 43% of diabetic men show clinical signs of testosterone deficiency, which negatively impacts libido, energy levels, and sperm production.

Diabetes doesn’t just target one part of the reproductive system—it creates a cascade of dysfunctions that collectively reduce male fertility. The sooner men are diagnosed and treated, the better their chances of restoring normal reproductive function.

Diabetes and Other Areas of Men’s Health That Indirectly Affect Fertility

Beyond direct reproductive damage, diabetes can cause or worsen other health problems that indirectly reduce male fertility. These include obesity, sleep disorders, mental health conditions, and cardiovascular diseases—all of which influence hormone levels and sexual function. Additional health issues caused or worsened by diabetes that affect fertility:

• Obesity: Impacts testosterone levels and sperm health.
• Depression and stress: Reduce libido and can lead to erectile problems.
• Sleep apnea: Disrupts hormone cycles, especially testosterone.
• Heart disease: Poor circulation and cardiovascular issues affect sexual performance and stamina.

Treatment of Diabetes-Induced Male Infertility

While diabetes can negatively impact male fertility, the condition is manageable, and many men can regain reproductive function with the right interventions. Treatment typically includes medical therapy, lifestyle changes, and reproductive assistance. Effective treatment options include:

• Blood Sugar Management: Insulin, oral medications, and dietary changes help stabilize glucose levels.
• Lifestyle Changes: Weight loss, exercise, and quitting smoking improve hormone levels and sperm quality.
• ED Medications: Drugs like Viagra help restore erectile function.
• Retrograde Ejaculation Management: Medication and sperm retrieval techniques are used.
• Assisted Reproductive Technologies (ART): IVF and ICSI are effective solutions for couples struggling with conception due to male infertility.

Schedule a Consultation With Dr. Mazen About Diabetes & Fertility

If diabetes is affecting your ability to conceive, seeking help from a fertility expert is the first step toward a solution. At Dr. Mazen IVF Clinic in Dubai, our compassionate team provides personalized fertility evaluations and treatments designed to overcome diabetes-related infertility challenges.

Why choose Dr. Mazen’s IVF Clinic in Dubai:

• Experienced fertility doctors in Dubai with expertise in male infertility.
• Advanced diagnostics to assess sperm quality, hormone levels, and more.
• Tailored treatment plans using lifestyle coaching, medication, or ART.
• State-of-the-art facilities and high success rates with IVF and ICSI.

Conclusion:

Diabetes, especially when left unmanaged, can significantly impair male fertility through multiple pathways—sperm damage, erectile dysfunction, and hormonal imbalances. However, many men can overcome these challenges with early diagnosis, proper medical care, and lifestyle changes. For couples trying to conceive, knowledge is power. Understanding how diabetes affects male fertility—and taking proactive steps to manage it—can pave the way toward successful parenthood. With expert support from an IVF center in Dubai like Dr. Mazen’s, even those facing diabetes-induced infertility have strong hope for the future.

FAQs:

Q1: Can diabetes cause infertility in males?

Ans: Yes, diabetes can reduce sperm quality, lower testosterone, and cause erectile or ejaculatory problems, all of which contribute to infertility.

Q2: Can I get pregnant if my husband is diabetic?

Ans: Yes. With medical guidance and possibly assisted reproductive techniques like IVF, many diabetic men successfully father children.

Q3: Does diabetes affect male sperm?

Ans: Absolutely. Diabetes leads to oxidative stress that damages sperm DNA, reduces motility, and decreases count.

Q4: Can men with diabetes have children?

Ans: Yes. With effective treatment and support from fertility specialists, diabetic men can become fathers.

References:

https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4814953/

https://molmed.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s10020-023-00771-x

https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/male-infertility/symptoms-causes/syc-20374773

https://academic.oup.com/jcem/article-abstract/93/5/1834/2598879?redirectedFrom=fulltext   

Fertility is an intimate and often complex aspect of a woman’s health. Though most couples can conceive in one year of trying, many face obstructions. Understanding the top factors affecting fertility in women is the first step toward addressing these challenges and exploring appropriate solutions. Whether you’re trying to conceive now or planning to do so in the future, being informed can help you make better decisions and timely interventions. Fertility problems in females can be emotionally tiring and financially draining, so having a solid understanding of potential barriers is invaluable. It allows individuals and couples to approach the journey to parenthood with clarity, realistic expectations, and a sense of control.

Factors Affecting Fertility in Women

• Age
• Hormonal Imbalances
• Lifestyle Choices
• Medical Conditions
• Environmental Exposures
• Stress and Mental Health
• Sexually Transmitted Infections (STIs)

How these factors affect Women’s Fertility

1. Age

Age remains the most significant factor influencing a woman’s fertility. A woman’s egg quality and quantity also deteriorate, especially after age 35. The American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists estimates that a healthy 30-year-old has approximately a 20% chance of getting pregnant every month, while the same chance reduces to about 5% at age 40. The fall isn’t merely a matter of numbers—older eggs carry more chances of chromosomal abnormalities, which can cause miscarriage or birth defects. Moreover, aging influences the quality of the uterine environment and hormone production, so conception and healthy pregnancy become more challenging. Awareness of these age-related changes can encourage earlier fertility planning and timely assessments.

2. Hormonal Imbalances

Hormones control the menstrual cycle and ovulation. Disorders such as Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS), thyroid disease, and high prolactin levels can all disrupt ovulation. Without consistent ovulation, conception is less likely. PCOS, specifically, is among the most common reasons for female infertility and is characterized by irregular menstruation and insulin resistance. Thyroid hormones also have an essential function in the health of a reproductive system, and imbalance can affect everything from egg release to implantation. Thankfully, most hormonal conditions can be effectively treated with medication, nutrition, and lifestyle modifications once accurately diagnosed through a complete female fertility test.

3. Lifestyle Choices

Smoking, heavy alcohol consumption, and high caffeine intake are under-recognized but have a direct bearing on reproductive well-being. Smoking, for instance, speeds up egg loss and the uterus’s capacity to harbor a pregnancy. Being underweight or overweight will also interfere with hormone levels and ovulation. Chronic lousy sleep habits, inactivity, and processed diets can also be a cause of hormonal imbalance and low-quality eggs. Informed lifestyle modification is highly likely to dramatically improve the chances of conception, mainly if undertaken preemptively. Minor lifestyle modifications such as eating a well-balanced diet and taking care of one’s weight can result in radically improved reproductive functioning over time.

4. Medical Conditions

Endometriosis, pelvic inflammatory disease (PID), and uterine fibroids are frequent perps of female fertility issues. Scarring, inflammation, or anatomical caused caused by these conditions can prevent conception. Endometriosis promotes tissue like the uterine lining to develop outside the uterus, resulting in pain and obstructed fallopian tubes. PID, usually due to untreated infections, can permanently destroy reproductive organs. Fibroids—benign growths—can alter the shape of the uterus and affect implantation. Early detection and proper treatment are essential to treating these conditions and enhancing the chances of conception. Periodic visits to a gynecologist and fertility specialist can help detect these conditions before they worsen.

5. Environmental Exposures

Recurrent exposure to toxins—such as pesticides, radiation, and industrial chemicals—can harm fertility. These chemicals may interfere with endocrine function or harm reproductive organs in the long run. Women employed in specific industries, including agriculture and healthcare, maybe at a greater risk of such exposure. Even household products and plastics that include BPA have been connected with reproductive impairment. Reducing exposure using natural products, storing food in glass containers, and staying away from high-risk settings can effectively preserve reproductive health. Although it is impossible to eradicate all environmental hazards, mindful choices and preventive routines can significantly reduce the risk to fertility and overall health.

6. Stress and Mental Health

Although stress does not directly lead to infertility, it can affect hormone levels and ovulation patterns. Ongoing anxiety or depression can delay conception and even decrease the success rate of fertility treatments. Excessive cortisol levels, the body’s stress hormone, can interfere with communication between the brain and ovaries. Also, infertile couples can be caught in a cycle of stress that deepens emotional and physical deterioration. Tackling mental health through the use of counseling, meditation, or stress reduction techniques can be an effective aid to fertility success. Personal and professional support systems are essential in coping with the emotional side of this process.

7. Sexually Transmitted Infections (STIs)

Untreated or undiagnosed STIs such as Gonorrhea and Chlamydia can lead to scarring of the fallopian tubes, which makes natural conception challenging. Early treatment and routine screening are key preventive steps. Most women do not know they have these infections until they present with symptoms of infertility. If left untreated, STIs may cause pelvic inflammatory disease, chronic pelvic pain, and risk of ectopic pregnancy. Safe sex and regular screening can go a long way in avoiding these risks. Early treatment not only maintains fertility but also guarantees a healthier and safer reproductive future.

Testing and Treatment Options

If you are having trouble getting pregnant, get a female fertility test done, which checks hormone levels, ovarian reserve, and reproductive anatomy. Depending on the diagnosis, several female infertility treatments exist, from lifestyle changes to high-tech reproductive procedures. Treatment can involve medications that stimulate ovulation, intrauterine insemination (IUI), or in vitro fertilization (IVF). Each option meets the individual’s specific condition and reproductive needs. Getting professional guidance from a fertility specialist can be the key, as early intervention greatly enhances success rates. Open communication and proactive care are the pillars of a fruitful fertility experience.

Where to Go for Help

For tailor-made care and state-of-the-art fertility interventions, Dr. Mazen IVF Clinic is the Best IVF clinic, for couples who desire caring and expert-led treatment. With extensive experience and evidence-based care, they bring hope and outcomes to thousands of women who struggle with fertility issues. From diagnosis to IVF and everything in between, the clinic is a nurturing one that encourages emotional and physical well-being. Their patient-focused philosophy ensures every woman has tailored care plans for her needs and wishes. If a trusted companion on your fertility journey is what you seek, Dr. Mazen’s team is a top pick.

Sources of Statistics:

• American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (ACOG)
• Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)
• National Institutes of Health (NIH)

ALSO Read: Female Infertility: Symptoms, Causes, Tests & Treatment